Implicit memories are memories formed without conscious effort, such as procedural skills and conditioned responses.

• A. Conscious recollection of events
• B. Memories formed without conscious effort; such as procedural skills and conditioned responses
• C. Explicit memory for facts
• D. Sensory memories only

Answer: (B)

This item tests understanding of implicit memory—the type of long-term memory that operates without conscious awareness. Implicit memory drives actions and responses learned without deliberate recall, such as procedural skills (how to ride a bike, type, play an instrument) and conditioned responses (salivating to a bell, a startled jump to a loud noise). It contrasts with explicit memory, which involves conscious recollection of facts and events (semantic and episodic memory). Sensory memories are a separate, very brief store of sensory input, not the long-term, unconscious memory system at issue here. The description that memories form without conscious effort and include procedural skills and conditioned responses best captures implicit memory.